SKU: 34443422250

Free Blacks on the Winchester City, Virginia Personal Property Tax Lists, 1789-1862

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Free Blacks on the Winchester City, Virginia Personal Property Tax Lists, 1789-1862The author has abstracted the information for free African Americans in Winchester City, Virginia and has arranged them into seven categories: Year; last name; first name; age; occupation [only given infrequently on the rolls]; property description & value; memo [oftentimes describing the exact location of the taxpayer or his former owners if freed in recent decades]. This volume is provided in three separate arrangements to facilitate genealogical

The author has abstracted the information for free African-Americans in Winchester City, Virginia and has arranged them into seven categories:
Year;
last name;
first name;
age;
occupation [only given infrequently on the rolls];
property description & value;
memo [oftentimes describing the exact location of the taxpayer or his former owners if freed in recent decades].

This volume is provided in three separate arrangements to facilitate genealogical research by African-American families; 1) chronologically by year; 2) sorted by last name of the individual; and 3) sorted by first name.

A similar volume is available for Frederick County, which was taxed separately from the city of Winchester

Information recorded in Virginia personal property tax records provide a wealth of information regarding the social status of an individual. The early laws required the tax commissioner in each district to record in "a fair alphabetical list" the names of the person chargeable with the tax, the names of white male tithables over the age of twenty-one, the number of white male tithables between ages sixteen and twenty-one, the number of slaves both above and below age sixteen, various types of animals such as horses and cattle, carriage wheels, ordinary licenses, and even billiard tables. Free Negroes are listed by name and often denoted in the list as "free" or "FN." By the 1850s, the personal property tax records contained detailed descriptions of personal property owned.

The most frequent use of personal property tax records is for the direct information recorded: name of the property owner, type and quantity of property owned, and amount of tax paid. Comparative analysis of personal property tax records from year to year may lead to conclusions about social, economic, and agricultural history, as well as the status of certain individuals or groups of property owners within a locality.

For genealogical researchers, personal property tax records may provide important data. Individuals with the same names in a locality may be distinguished by a junior or senior, or residence (often listed by street). Parentage may be expressly or implicitly stated by either the name or number of male tithables between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one in the household of the taxpayer. The names of women appear occasionally when owning property in their own right or as the widow of a property owner. By studying the lists from year to year, researchers may trace an ancestor to determine the date of departure from a locality, or possibly the year of death. The name of a taxpayer will continue on the tax list, noted as "deceased" or "estate," until the estate is settled.

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SKU: 34443422250

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Tony Nowikowski
Omaha, US
★★★★★ 1
TPMS Compatability is a LIE
Size: Sedan, Crossover, Small Truck
2018 Subaru Impreza, with one tire with a slow leak (about 2 PSI a week) that I couldn't trace. I bought the "Full-Size Sedan, Small Truck, Crossover" kit (the 6 oz. pouch) based on my tire size, 225/40/18. After I removed the valve core, attached the dispensing hose and opened the cap, the product would not flow into the tire. I squeezed the pouch, but that only made the product leak out around the valve stem onto the wheel and driveway. I tried rotating the tire so the valve stem was at the top, and and also at the bottom. I even took the wheel off so I could get a fully vertical flow. Nothing worked. I finally gave up after only about half the product was dispensed, and I do think most of it went somewhere other than in the tire. I reinstalled the valve core, remounted the wheel, plugged in my little lighter socket-powered compresseor, and tried to inflate the tire. And ... NOTHING. The pressure reading on the compressor immediately shot up to over 100 PSI, and it automatically shut off. Tried multiple times, with the same result. I again removed the valve core, and a) no air came out of the tire when I removed it, and b) even with no valve core the compressor still would not pump air into the tire. Clearly the gunk had completely blocked the valve/TPMS. Fortunately, when I took the tire to Costco (where I'd bought it), they were able to fix the damage I'd done, as well as patching a small nail hole in the tread I hadn't seen (that was clearly the source of the slow leak) for no charge. Since I've already submitted a refund request, ultimately all it really cost me was my time and effort ... and a whole lot of stress.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 26, 2024
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raspree56
Lexington, US
★★★★★ 5
Forget the gooey stuff, this product WORKS! See UPDATES 1 and 2
Size: Compact Car, Mid-size Sedan
I've had a slow leak in one of my tires for some time. It's a common thing with chrome plated alloy wheels, they get corrosion on the bead area where the tire seals and then you get a slow leak. This was the only product which is water soluble so it's not going to make a permanent mess inside the tire; additionally, it contains tiny bits of Tufsyn which is the material some tires are made from. So it's not just a liquid that is sealing the leak, it's tiny bits of rubber. I was putting 5 or 6 lbs of air in my tire every few days, and I could see that the tire was getting low. I installed this TireJect per the instructions a week ago and the tire appears to be doing great, despite the fact that we've had some very cold weather. (I didn't want to check it with a gauge while it was this cold out because just in case the tire's valve didn't seal all the way; I'll check with a gauge when this cold snap is past.) While I can't say for 100% sure that there is no more leak, I suspect that the leak has been sealed up completely. This is a product unlike the others and I think it's worth the price. FIRST UPDATE: It has been two months and I haven't had to add any air at all to the tire where I used this product. There was a slow rim leak which was losing about a pound or so per day and it has been totally fixed. The car has sat for several days a few times, including in single digit cold weather, as well as driven regularly otherwise, and the tire hasn't lost any air. I think it's the micro Tufsyn fibers in this product which seal leaks better than some goopy glue stuff other brands are made of. I totally recommend this product! SECOND UPDATE - it's been eleven months since I added this to my tire with the slow rim leak and I have not had to add air a single time. Not once. THIS STUFF WORKS. Forget the slime and foam and get this.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 5, 2024
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jim
Los Angeles, US
★★★★★ 5
Should of been using this long ago
Size: Pack of 1, Style: Fuel System Treatment
I literally watch my MPG jump up .3 within one tank, my mpg count after 6000 miles was steady at around 26.5 and after using this stuff and driving around for 1 tank of gas, it jump up to 26.8. I'm literally impressed!
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Reviewed in the United States on May 18, 2025
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Jamie McCabe
Boise, US
★★★★★ 5
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Size: Pack of 1, Style: Fuel System Treatment
Item was as described and shipped quickly.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 9, 2025
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SUNGHYUN, YOON
Massapequa, US
★★★★★ 5
It's pretty good.
Size: Pack of 1, Style: Fuel System Treatment, Size: Pack of 1, Style: Fuel System Treatment
I used to Chevron Techron before I put Gumout to my 2018 HONDA CR-V. reduced engine vibration and improved acceleration.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 6, 2023

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